The effects of supplementing different doses and the combination of chromium histidinate (CrHis) and CrPic along with biotin in rats fed HFD have not been reported. In this respect, supplementing chromium picolinate (CrPic) to the diet of obese rats has been shown to decrease plasma insulin, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations as well as improved glucose disposal rates (Sahin et al., 2011 Wang, Zhang, Russell, Hulver, & Cefalu, 2006).
In contrast to the results from clinical works in humans, studies with rodent models supplemented with Cr have unambiguously indicated certain roles of Cr as a pharmacologically active element in glucose tolerance factor (Vincent, 2017). Although some studies suggested that chromium supplementation decreases insulin levels and improves glucose disposal rates in obese individuals (Cefalu et al., 1999 Talavera, Reza, & Cerda, 2004), in some other studies, Cr supplements to diabetic or healthy subjects did not clearly point out beneficial effects in glucose metabolism and diabetes (Bailey, 2014 Vincent, 2017). The essentiality of chromium (Cr) has been questioned in the recent studies (Vincent, 2017). The brain is also often a target of diabetic complications such that prolonged hyperglycemic conditions cause a progressive impairment of neuronal function in the brain (Mooradian, 1997 Prasad, Sajja, Naik, & Cucullo, 2014). Hypertension and obesity as continuing challenges to public health efforts are major risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A link between obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension has been proved, while insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple atherogenic risk factors (Slawson, Fitzgerald, & Morgan, 2013 Wang, Yuan, Duan, Li, & Hou, 2017). Feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) to experimental animals exerts a number of adverse metabolic alterations including hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance (Buchanan, Youn, Campese, & Sipos, 1992 Nascimento et al., 2013). Nutrition plays a crucial role in the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes (Rabhi, Hannou, Froguel, & Annicotte, 2017).
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